nix-archive-1(type directoryentry(namelibnode(type directoryentry(nameperl5node(type directoryentry(name site_perlnode(type directoryentry(name5.36.0node(type directoryentry(nameTestnode(type directoryentry(name MockModule.pmnode(typeregularcontents?package Test::MockModule; use warnings; use strict qw/subs vars/; use vars qw/$VERSION/; use Scalar::Util qw/reftype weaken/; use Carp; use SUPER; $VERSION = '0.177.0'; sub import { my ( $class, @args ) = @_; # default if no args $^H{'Test::MockModule/STRICT_MODE'} = 0; foreach my $arg (@args) { if ( $arg eq 'strict' ) { $^H{'Test::MockModule/STRICT_MODE'} = 1; } elsif ( $arg eq 'nostrict' ) { $^H{'Test::MockModule/STRICT_MODE'} = 0; } else { warn "Test::MockModule unknown import option '$arg'"; } } return; } sub _strict_mode { my $depth = 0; while(my @fields = caller($depth++)) { my $hints = $fields[10]; if($hints && grep { /^Test::MockModule\// } keys %{$hints}) { return $hints->{'Test::MockModule/STRICT_MODE'}; } } return 0; } my %mocked; sub new { my $class = shift; my ($package, %args) = @_; if ($package && (my $existing = $mocked{$package})) { return $existing; } croak "Cannot mock $package" if $package && $package eq $class; unless (_valid_package($package)) { $package = 'undef' unless defined $package; croak "Invalid package name $package"; } unless ($package eq "CORE::GLOBAL" || $package eq 'main' || $args{no_auto} || ${"$package\::VERSION"}) { (my $load_package = "$package.pm") =~ s{::}{/}g; TRACE("$package is empty, loading $load_package"); require $load_package; } TRACE("Creating MockModule object for $package"); my $self = bless { _package => $package, _mocked => {}, }, $class; $mocked{$package} = $self; weaken $mocked{$package}; return $self; } sub DESTROY { my $self = shift; $self->unmock_all; } sub get_package { my $self = shift; return $self->{_package}; } sub redefine { my ($self, @mocks) = (shift, @_); while ( my ($name, $value) = splice @mocks, 0, 2 ) { my $sub_name = $self->_full_name($name); my $coderef = *{$sub_name}{'CODE'}; next if 'CODE' eq ref $coderef; if ( $sub_name =~ qr{^(.+)::([^:]+)$} ) { my ( $pkg, $sub ) = ( $1, $2 ); next if $pkg->can( $sub ); } if ('CODE' ne ref $coderef) { croak "$sub_name does not exist!"; } } return $self->_mock(@_); } sub define { my ($self, @mocks) = (shift, @_); while ( my ($name, $value) = splice @mocks, 0, 2 ) { my $sub_name = $self->_full_name($name); my $coderef = *{$sub_name}{'CODE'}; if ('CODE' eq ref $coderef) { croak "$sub_name exists!"; } } return $self->_mock(@_); } sub mock { my ($self, @mocks) = (shift, @_); croak "mock is not allowed in strict mode. Please use define or redefine" if($self->_strict_mode()); return $self->_mock(@mocks); } sub _mock { my $self = shift; while (my ($name, $value) = splice @_, 0, 2) { my $code = sub { }; if (ref $value && reftype $value eq 'CODE') { $code = $value; } elsif (defined $value) { $code = sub {$value}; } TRACE("$name: $code"); croak "Invalid subroutine name: $name" unless _valid_subname($name); my $sub_name = _full_name($self, $name); if (!$self->{_mocked}{$name}) { TRACE("Storing existing $sub_name"); $self->{_mocked}{$name} = 1; if (defined &{$sub_name}) { $self->{_orig}{$name} = \&$sub_name; } else { $self->{_orig}{$name} = undef; } } TRACE("Installing mocked $sub_name"); _replace_sub($sub_name, $code); } return $self; } sub noop { my $self = shift; croak "noop is not allowed in strict mode. Please use define or redefine" if($self->_strict_mode()); $self->_mock($_,1) for @_; return; } sub original { my $self = shift; my ($name) = @_; return carp _full_name($self, $name) . " is not mocked" unless $self->{_mocked}{$name}; return defined $self->{_orig}{$name} ? $self->{_orig}{$name} : $self->{_package}->super($name); } sub unmock { my $self = shift; carp 'Nothing to unmock' unless @_; for my $name (@_) { croak "Invalid subroutine name: $name" unless _valid_subname($name); my $sub_name = _full_name($self, $name); unless ($self->{_mocked}{$name}) { carp $sub_name . " was not mocked"; next; } TRACE("Restoring original $sub_name"); _replace_sub($sub_name, $self->{_orig}{$name}); delete $self->{_mocked}{$name}; delete $self->{_orig}{$name}; } return $self; } sub unmock_all { my $self = shift; foreach (keys %{$self->{_mocked}}) { $self->unmock($_); } return; } sub is_mocked { my $self = shift; my ($name) = shift; return $self->{_mocked}{$name}; } sub _full_name { my ($self, $sub_name) = @_; sprintf "%s::%s", $self->{_package}, $sub_name; } sub _valid_package { defined($_[0]) && $_[0] =~ /^[a-z_]\w*(?:::\w+)*$/i; } sub _valid_subname { $_[0] =~ /^[a-z_]\w*$/i; } sub _replace_sub { my ($sub_name, $coderef) = @_; no warnings 'redefine'; no warnings 'prototype'; if (defined $coderef) { *{$sub_name} = $coderef; } else { TRACE("removing subroutine: $sub_name"); my ($package, $sub) = $sub_name =~ /(.*::)(.*)/; my %symbols = %{$package}; # save a copy of all non-code slots my %slot; foreach (qw(ARRAY FORMAT HASH IO SCALAR)) { next unless defined(my $elem = *{$symbols{$sub}}{$_}); $slot{$_} = $elem; } # clear the symbol table entry for the subroutine undef *$sub_name; # restore everything except the code slot return unless keys %slot; foreach (keys %slot) { *$sub_name = $slot{$_}; } } } # Log::Trace stubs sub TRACE {} sub DUMP {} 1; =pod =head1 NAME Test::MockModule - Override subroutines in a module for unit testing =head1 SYNOPSIS use Module::Name; use Test::MockModule; { my $module = Test::MockModule->new('Module::Name'); $module->mock('subroutine', sub { ... }); Module::Name::subroutine(@args); # mocked # Same effect, but this will die() if other_subroutine() # doesn't already exist, which is often desirable. $module->redefine('other_subroutine', sub { ... }); # This will die() if another_subroutine() is defined. $module->define('another_subroutine', sub { ... }); } { # you can also chain new/mock/redefine/define Test::MockModule->new('Module::Name') ->mock( one_subroutine => sub { ... }) ->redefine( other_subroutine => sub { ... } ) ->define( a_new_sub => 1234 ); } Module::Name::subroutine(@args); # original subroutine # Working with objects use Foo; use Test::MockModule; { my $mock = Test::MockModule->new('Foo'); $mock->mock(foo => sub { print "Foo!\n"; }); my $foo = Foo->new(); $foo->foo(); # prints "Foo!\n" } # If you want to prevent noop and mock from working, you can # load Test::MockModule in strict mode. use Test::MockModule qw/strict/; my $module = Test::MockModule->new('Module::Name'); # Redefined the other_subroutine or dies if it's not there. $module->redefine('other_subroutine', sub { ... }); # Dies since you specified you wanted strict mode. $module->mock('subroutine', sub { ... }); # Turn strictness off in this lexical scope { use Test::MockModule 'nostrict'; # ->mock() works now $module->mock('subroutine', sub { ... }); } # Back in the strict scope, so mock() dies here $module->mock('subroutine', sub { ... }); =head1 DESCRIPTION C lets you temporarily redefine subroutines in other packages for the purposes of unit testing. A C object is set up to mock subroutines for a given module. The object remembers the original subroutine so it can be easily restored. This happens automatically when all MockModule objects for the given module go out of scope, or when you C the subroutine. =head1 STRICT MODE One of the weaknesses of testing using mocks is that the implementation of the interface that you are mocking might change, while your mocks get left alone. You are not now mocking what you thought you were, and your mocks might now be hiding bugs that will only be spotted in production. To help prevent this you can load Test::MockModule in 'strict' mode: use Test::MockModule qw(strict); This will disable use of the C method, making it a fatal runtime error. You should instead define mocks using C, which will only mock things that already exist and die if you try to redefine something that doesn't exist. Strictness is lexically scoped, so you can do this in one file: use Test::MockModule qw(strict); ...->redefine(...); and this in another: use Test::MockModule; # the default is nostrict ...->mock(...); You can even mix n match at different places in a single file thus: use Test::MockModule qw(strict); # here mock() dies { use Test::MockModule qw(nostrict); # here mock() works } # here mock() goes back to dieing use Test::MockModule qw(nostrict); # and from here on mock() works again NB that strictness must be defined at compile-time, and set using C. If you think you're going to try and be clever by calling Test::MockModule's C method at runtime then what happens in undefined, with results differing from one version of perl to another. What larks! =head1 METHODS =over 4 =item new($package[, %options]) Returns an object that will mock subroutines in the specified C<$package>. If there is no C<$VERSION> defined in C<$package>, the module will be automatically loaded. You can override this behaviour by setting the C option: my $mock = Test::MockModule->new('Module::Name', no_auto => 1); =item get_package() Returns the target package name for the mocked subroutines =item is_mocked($subroutine) Returns a boolean value indicating whether or not the subroutine is currently mocked =item mock($subroutine =E \Ecoderef) Temporarily replaces one or more subroutines in the mocked module. A subroutine can be mocked with a code reference or a scalar. A scalar will be recast as a subroutine that returns the scalar. Returns the current C object, so you can chain L with L. my $mock = Test::MockModule->new->(...)->mock(...); The following statements are equivalent: $module->mock(purge => 'purged'); $module->mock(purge => sub { return 'purged'}); When dealing with references, things behave slightly differently. The following statements are B equivalent: # Returns the same arrayref each time, with the localtime() at time of mocking $module->mock(updated => [localtime()]); # Returns a new arrayref each time, with up-to-date localtime() value $module->mock(updated => sub { return [localtime()]}); The following statements are in fact equivalent: my $array_ref = [localtime()] $module->mock(updated => $array_ref) $module->mock(updated => sub { return $array_ref }); However, C is a special case. If you mock a subroutine with C it will install an empty subroutine $module->mock(purge => undef); $module->mock(purge => sub { }); rather than a subroutine that returns C: $module->mock(purge => sub { undef }); You can call C for the same subroutine many times, but when you call C, the original subroutine is restored (not the last mocked instance). B If you are trying to mock a subroutine exported from another module, this may not behave as you initially would expect, since Test::MockModule is only mocking at the target module, not anything importing that module. If you mock the local package, or use a fully qualified function name, you will get the behavior you desire: use Test::MockModule; use Test::More; use POSIX qw/strftime/; my $posix = Test::MockModule->new("POSIX"); $posix->mock("strftime", "Yesterday"); is strftime("%D", localtime(time)), "Yesterday", "`strftime` was mocked successfully"; # Fails is POSIX::strftime("%D", localtime(time)), "Yesterday", "`strftime` was mocked successfully"; # Succeeds my $main = Test::MockModule->new("main", no_auto => 1); $main->mock("strftime", "today"); is strftime("%D", localtime(time)), "today", "`strftime` was mocked successfully"; # Succeeds If you are trying to mock a subroutine that was exported into a module that you're trying to test, rather than mocking the subroutine in its originating module, you can instead mock it in the module you are testing: package MyModule; use POSIX qw/strftime/; sub minus_twentyfour { return strftime("%a, %b %d, %Y", localtime(time - 86400)); } package main; use Test::More; use Test::MockModule; my $posix = Test::MockModule->new("POSIX"); $posix->mock("strftime", "Yesterday"); is MyModule::minus_twentyfour(), "Yesterday", "`minus-twentyfour` got mocked"; # fails my $mymodule = Test::MockModule->new("MyModule", no_auto => 1); $mymodule->mock("strftime", "Yesterday"); is MyModule::minus_twentyfour(), "Yesterday", "`minus-twentyfour` got mocked"; # succeeds =item redefine($subroutine) The same behavior as C, but this will preemptively check to be sure that all passed subroutines actually exist. This is useful to ensure that if a mocked module's interface changes the test doesn't just keep on testing a code path that no longer behaves consistently with the mocked behavior. Note that redefine is also now checking if one of the parent provides the sub and will not die if it's available in the chain. Returns the current C object, so you can chain L with L. my $mock = Test::MockModule->new->(...)->redefine(...); =item define($subroutine) The reverse of redefine, this will fail if the passed subroutine exists. While this use case is rare, there are times where the perl code you are testing is inspecting a package and adding a missing subroutine is actually what you want to do. By using define, you're asserting that the subroutine you want to be mocked should not exist in advance. Note: define does not check for inheritance like redefine. Returns the current C object, so you can chain L with L. my $mock = Test::MockModule->new->(...)->define(...); =item original($subroutine) Returns the original (unmocked) subroutine Here is a sample how to wrap a function with custom arguments using the original subroutine. This is useful when you cannot (do not) want to alter the original code to abstract one hardcoded argument pass to a function. package MyModule; sub sample { return get_path_for("/a/b/c/d"); } sub get_path_for { ... # anything goes there... } package main; use Test::MockModule; my $mock = Test::MockModule->new("MyModule"); # replace all calls to get_path_for using a different argument $mock->redefine("get_path_for", sub { return $mock->original("get_path_for")->("/my/custom/path"); }); # or $mock->redefine("get_path_for", sub { my $path = shift; if ( $path && $path eq "/a/b/c/d" ) { # only alter calls with path set to "/a/b/c/d" return $mock->original("get_path_for")->("/my/custom/path"); } else { # preserve the original arguments return $mock->original("get_path_for")->($path, @_); } }); =item unmock($subroutine [, ...]) Restores the original C<$subroutine>. You can specify a list of subroutines to C in one go. =item unmock_all() Restores all the subroutines in the package that were mocked. This is automatically called when all C objects for the given package go out of scope. =item noop($subroutine [, ...]) Given a list of subroutine names, mocks each of them with a no-op subroutine. Handy for mocking methods you want to ignore! # Neuter a list of methods in one go $module->noop('purge', 'updated'); =back =over 4 =item TRACE A stub for Log::Trace =item DUMP A stub for Log::Trace =back =head1 SEE ALSO L L =head1 AUTHORS Current Maintainer: Geoff Franks Original Author: Simon Flack Esimonflk _AT_ cpan.orgE Lexical scoping of strictness: David Cantrell Edavid@cantrell.org.ukE =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright 2004 Simon Flack Esimonflk _AT_ cpan.orgE. All rights reserved You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file. =cut ))))entry(namei686-linux-thread-multinode(type directoryentry(nameautonode(type directoryentry(nameTestnode(type directoryentry(name MockModulenode(type directoryentry(name .packlistnode(typeregularcontents/gnu/store/000w6am0234zncd1b01d12fgbn374jc8-perl-test-mockmodule-0.177.0/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.36.0/Test/MockModule.pm /gnu/store/000w6am0234zncd1b01d12fgbn374jc8-perl-test-mockmodule-0.177.0/share/man/man3/Test::MockModule.3 ))))))))))))))))))entry(namesharenode(type directoryentry(namedocnode(type directoryentry(nameperl-test-mockmodule-0.177.0node(type directoryentry(nameLICENSEnode(typeregularcontentsHThis software is copyright (c) 2021 by Current Maintainer: Geoff Franks & Original Author: Simon Flack . This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. Terms of the Perl programming language system itself a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version, or b) the "Artistic License" --- The GNU General Public License, Version 1, February 1989 --- This software is Copyright (c) 2021 by Current Maintainer: Geoff Franks & Original Author: Simon Flack . This is free software, licensed under: The GNU General Public License, Version 1, February 1989 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 1, February 1989 Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. The General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. You can use it for your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must tell them their rights. We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each licensee is addressed as "you". 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph 1 above, provided that you also do the following: a) cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change; and b) cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all third parties, at your option). c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General Public License. d) You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of these terms. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or, b) accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or, c) accompany it with the information you received as to where the corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form alone.) Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable file, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that accompany that operating system. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use the Program under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so, and all its terms and conditions. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 7. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 8. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 9. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 10. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) 19yy This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston MA 02110-1301 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19xx name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes at assemblers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice That's all there is to it! --- The Artistic License 1.0 --- This software is Copyright (c) 2021 by Current Maintainer: Geoff Franks & Original Author: Simon Flack . This is free software, licensed under: The Artistic License 1.0 The Artistic License Preamble The intent of this document is to state the conditions under which a Package may be copied, such that the Copyright Holder maintains some semblance of artistic control over the development of the package, while giving the users of the package the right to use and distribute the Package in a more-or-less customary fashion, plus the right to make reasonable modifications. Definitions: - "Package" refers to the collection of files distributed by the Copyright Holder, and derivatives of that collection of files created through textual modification. - "Standard Version" refers to such a Package if it has not been modified, or has been modified in accordance with the wishes of the Copyright Holder. - "Copyright Holder" is whoever is named in the copyright or copyrights for the package. - "You" is you, if you're thinking about copying or distributing this Package. - "Reasonable copying fee" is whatever you can justify on the basis of media cost, duplication charges, time of people involved, and so on. (You will not be required to justify it to the Copyright Holder, but only to the computing community at large as a market that must bear the fee.) - "Freely Available" means that no fee is charged for the item itself, though there may be fees involved in handling the item. It also means that recipients of the item may redistribute it under the same conditions they received it. 1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the Standard Version of this Package without restriction, provided that you duplicate all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers. 2. You may apply bug fixes, portability fixes and other modifications derived from the Public Domain or from the Copyright Holder. A Package modified in such a way shall still be considered the Standard Version. 3. 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